A Historical Overview of Language Policy & Planning in Morocco

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Author: Prof. Said Fathi

Keywords: linguistic diversity, Arabic, national unity, Tamazight, Arabicization, French, identity, Spanish, education, English.

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the historical development of language policy and planning in Morocco, a country renowned for its rich linguistic diversity. Beginning with a historical context that examines the interplay of Arabic, Tamazight, and the colonial languages of French and Spanish, it traces the profound impact of colonization on Morocco's linguistic hierarchy. The post-independence era marked a shift towards Arabicization, as the nation sought to assert its sovereignty and solidify Arabic as a cornerstone of national identity, often at the expense of Amazigh. Modern developments have introduced significant reforms, including the recognition of Standard Tamazight as an official language in the 2011 constitution and the growing prominence of English in education and international relations. The article also delves into the controversies surrounding language planning, such as the balance between linguistic diversity and national unity, the enduring influence of French, and challenges in implementing multilingual education systems. Through this historical overview, the article highlights the complexities of Morocco’s multilingual reality and the socio-political implications of its language policies. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusive and equitable approaches to language planning to ensure linguistic diversity, which remains a source of cultural richness and societal cohesion in Morocco’s future.

Article Info: Received: 14 Oct 2025, Received in revised form: 11 Nov 2025, Accepted: 15 Nov 2025, Available online: 19 Nov 2025

DOI: 10.22161/ijtle.4.6.7

Total View: 16

Page No: 56-61