| ISSN: 2583-4371 | ISSN: 2583-4371JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keywords: Elevated learners, Large-class teaching, Learner engagement, Physical instruction, Resource constraints.
Abstract: The article seek to closely look at the problems faced by education sector in South African classroom setting, it highlights the issues which are ongoing regarding teaching methods and structures which makes learning difficult. The study discusses burning issues such as lack of resources, infrastructure, teachers training and lesson preparations, exploring that how traditional that is ‘in person teaching’ does not always help learners in engaging in their lesson, having equal access to learning and understanding the materials being used. After reviewing various research covering these issues the study has found four main problems which are: crowded classrooms, lack of resources in schools, infrastructure and curriculum not matching well with the teaching methods. Since these obstacles affects learners’ academic performance, leading to fewer learners succeeding in their education and keeping unfair differences between different social and language groups going, teachers needs more trainings in smart and engaging teaching ways. From the finding of this study, it is suggested that making classes smaller, using resources more effectively, providing ongoing training for teachers, and using more of physical instructional approaches can improve the learners’ engagement and academic performance. By considering those options we can keep the benefits of traditional classroom while addressing its challenges. Using an interpretivist research paradigm informed by qualitative research design, non-probability purposive sampling will be used, and data will be collected through teachers interviews and classroom observations. Four schools in Vhembe District will be visited and one teacher from foundation phase will be interviewed using a set of flexible questions and their classroom observed. The findings of this study will help in informing policymakers, school leaders, and teachers in improving physical instructional teaching approach.
Article Info: Received: 27 Dec 2025, Received in revised form: 21 Jan 2021, Accepted: 26 Jan 2026, Available online: 31 Jan 2026
DOI: 10.22161/ijtle.5.1.3
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